AShort-term memory
BLong-term memory
CSensory memory
DWorking memory
Answer:
B. Long-term memory
Read Explanation:
Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is not a single "storehouse"; it is divided into different systems based on how we retrieve the information—either consciously (explicitly) or unconsciously (implicitly).
1. Explicit Memory (Declarative Memory)
These are memories that you can consciously recall and "declare" or describe in words.
Episodic Memory: Memories of personal experiences and specific events (e.g., your last birthday party).
Semantic Memory: General knowledge, facts, and concepts (e.g., knowing that the capital of France is Paris).
2. Implicit Memory (Non-declarative Memory)
These are memories that influence your behavior even though you are not consciously thinking about them. You "show" these memories through your actions.
Procedural Memory: Skills and habits (e.g., riding a bike, typing on a keyboard, or playing an instrument). You don't have to consciously remember "how" to do it every time; your body just knows.
Priming: When exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another (e.g., if you see the word "yellow," you might recognize the word "banana" faster).
Classical Conditioning: Learned emotional or physical responses (e.g., feeling nervous when you hear a dentist's drill).
Feature | Explicit Memory | Implicit Memory |
Awareness | Conscious | Unconscious |
Expression | Verbal / Declarative | Performance / Action |
Examples | Facts, Events | Skills, Habits |
Brain Part | Hippocampus & Cortex | Cerebellum & Basal Ganglia |
Short-term memory: This has a very limited capacity (about 7 ± 2 items) and lasts for only about 20–30 seconds. It doesn't have the complex categorization of explicit/implicit.
Sensory memory: This is the very first stage of memory that lasts for a fraction of a second (like an "after-image" on your retina).
Working memory: This is a more modern term for short-term memory that emphasizes the processing and manipulation of information currently in use.