Question

In which of the following states did the Indian classical dance Bharatanatyam originate?

• A. Tamil Nadu
• B. Kerala
• C. Uttar Pradesh
• D. Karnataka

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Tamil Nadu

Bharatanatyam: Origin and Evolution

Roots in Tamil Nadu

• Bharatanatyam, a prominent Indian classical dance form, has its origins in the state of Tamil Nadu in Southern India.

• It is one of the oldest classical dance traditions in India, with roots tracing back to ancient times.

Historical Context

• The dance was traditionally performed by devadasis (temple dancers) in Hindu temples as a form of devotional offering.

• The ancient treatise Natya Shastra, attributed to Bharata Muni, is believed to have codified many aspects of Indian classical dance, including those that form the basis of Bharatanatyam.

• The dance form underwent significant revival and reinterpretation in the early 20th century, transforming from its temple-based origins to a proscenium stage performance. Key figures in this revival include E. Krishna Iyer and Rukmini Devi Arundale.

Key Elements and Characteristics

• Bharatanatyam is characterized by its geometric movements, precise footwork (nritta), expressive hand gestures (mudras), and intricate facial expressions (abhinaya).

• The dance typically involves a repertoire of items, starting with alarippu (invocation) and progressing through various stages like jatiswaram, shabdam, varnam, padam, and finally tillana (a concluding item).

• The accompanying music is typically Carnatic music.