Question

Which of the following social organisations was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875?

• A. Prarthana Samaj
• B. Satyashodhak Samaj
• C. Arya Samaj
• D. Brahmo Samaj

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Arya Samaj

Arya Samaj: A Reformist Movement

Founder and Foundation:

• Founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875.
• The first branch was established in Mumbai.
• Later, the headquarters was shifted to Lahore (present-day Pakistan).

Core Ideals and Principles:

• "Back to the Vedas": Advocated for returning to the original teachings of the Vedas, rejecting later Vedic interpretations and Puranic Hinduism.
• Monotheism: Believed in one God and opposed idol worship.
• Rejection of Superstitions: Strove to eradicate superstitious beliefs and practices.
• Social Reforms: Promoted gender equality, widow remarriage, and opposed the caste system (specifically hereditary caste distinctions).
• Emphasis on Education: Advocated for modern education, including scientific subjects, alongside traditional Vedic studies.

Key Contributions and Impact:

• Established numerous Gurukuls and Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) Schools, which played a significant role in promoting education in India.
• The Arya Samaj's emphasis on rationalism and Vedic authority influenced other social and religious reformers.
• Played a crucial role in the Hindu revivalist movement and the promotion of Indian nationalism.
• Swami Dayananda Saraswati's autobiography, "My Life and Mission", provides insights into his life and the Arya Samaj movement.

Notable Figures Associated with Arya Samaj:

• Lala Lajpat Rai
• Pandita Ramabai