In the Managerial Implications table, which management function is listed as 'Problem-solving' under Theory Y?
On the Principles of Order and Reality:
I. The Principle of Order requires a systematic arrangement of materials and personnel according to job requirements.
II. The Principle of Reality asserts that ideal plans must always be implemented, even if resources are severely lacking.
III. The process of investigation, foundational to sound decisions, involves collecting and classifying facts.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The Behavioral Approach is characterized as interdisciplinary because:
I. It draws concepts exclusively from Sociology and Anthropology.
II. It strives for universal applicability, contrasting with the classical provincial approach.
III. It emphasizes the informal communication patterns prevalent in organizations.
Which of the following is correct?
David Easton’s premise of Verification is aligned with:
I. Adopting appropriate methods for data collection and interpretation (Techniques).
II. Accepting knowledge only if it is derived through systematic, logical reasoning, ignoring empirical testing.
III. Viewing measurement and manipulation of data as secondary to conceptual generalization.
Which of the following is correct?
Mooney and Reiley’s principles include:
I. Scalar Process, which describes the universal process of coordination through hierarchy.
II. Functional Differentiation, which emphasizes the division of labor based on place (area).
III. Line and Staff, recognizing staff’s role in providing specialized advice and information.
Which of the following is correct?
Consider the statements regarding the Comparing Managerial Implications under Theory X and Theory Y:
I. Goal setting under Theory X involves significant subordinate participation.
II. Leadership style under Theory Y is typically democratic/participative.
III. Control mechanisms under Theory X are internal and based on self-control.
Which of the following is correct?
Argyris's strategies for integrating individual and organizational goals include:
I. Recommending the Matrix Organization structure to replace rigid superior-subordinate relationships.
II. Utilizing T-Group Training to enhance the leader’s technical skills rather than interpersonal competence.
III. Advocating Job Enlargement to foster responsibility and utilize intellectual abilities.
Which of the following is correct?
The Fusion Process Theory, developed by Argyris and Bakke, suggests:
I. The organization seeks self-actualisation, while the individual seeks socialisation.
II. It describes the simultaneous operation of the personalising and socialising processes.
III. The individual uses the organization primarily to enforce external control and punishment.
Which of the following is correct?