Learn 77 questions from SSC GD 2025 Shift 2

SSC GD 2025 Shift 2 Questions

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Lawrencium (Lr)</h3>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Atomic Number and Position</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Lawrencium has an atomic number of 103.</li>
 <li>It is the last member of the actinide series in the periodic table.</li>
 <li>The actinides are a group of 15 metallic chemical elements which range from actinium to lawrencium in the periodic table.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Discovery and Naming</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Lawrencium was synthesized in 1961 at the University of California, Berkeley.</li>
 <li>It was named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, the inventor of the cyclotron, a crucial tool for discovering heavy elements.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Properties and Classification</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Lawrencium is a transuranic element, meaning it has an atomic number greater than uranium (92).</li>
 <li>It is also classified as a superactinide, a hypothetical series of elements that would follow the actinides, although this classification is not universally adopted.</li>
 <li>All known isotopes of lawrencium are highly radioactive with very short half-lives.</li>
 <li>It is predicted to be an alkali metal, although its chemical properties are not well-studied due to its scarcity and radioactivity.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Isotopes</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The most stable known isotope of lawrencium is Lawrencium-266, with a half-life of about 11 hours.</li>
 <li>Other isotopes have significantly shorter half-lives, making them difficult to study.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance in Nuclear Physics</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The creation and study of elements like lawrencium push the boundaries of our understanding of nuclear stability and the periodic table.</li>
 <li>Elements beyond the actinides are part of the theoretical </li></ul>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Rani Machaiah is a distinguished exponent of the Ummathat folk dance form.</li><li>She hails from the state of Karnataka, India.</li><li>In 2023, Rani Machaiah was honored with the prestigious Padma Shri award, one of India's highest civilian honors.</li><li>Her recognition came in the field of Art (Folk Dance) for her significant contributions to preserving and promoting the Ummathat dance.</li><li>Ummathat is a traditional dance form primarily performed by women in the Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka.</li><li>It is often performed during religious festivals and cultural events, characterized by its graceful movements and devotional themes.</li><li>The dancers typically wear traditional Kodava attire and adorn themselves with jasmine flowers.</li><li>The dance involves singing and clapping in unison while moving in a circular formation.</li><li>Rani Machaiah has dedicated her life to teaching and performing Ummathat, ensuring its continuity for future generations.</li><li>Her Padma Shri award highlights the importance of folk arts and the individuals who keep them alive.</li></ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Right to Privacy as part of Right to Life</h3>
The Right to Privacy has been recognized as a fundamental right in India, stemming from the Right to Life and Personal Liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Supreme Court Judgements:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>M.P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra (1954): Initially, the Supreme Court did not explicitly recognize privacy as a fundamental right.</li>
 <li>Kharak Singh v. State of U.P. (1963): The Court hinted at the existence of a right to privacy, but it was not definitively established.</li>
 <li>Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017): In a landmark judgment, a nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court unanimously held that the Right to Privacy is a fundamental right intrinsic to the Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21) and as part of the freedoms guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Scope of the Right to Privacy:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The right protects an individual's autonomy and personal space from unwarranted intrusion by the state or private entities.</li>
 <li>It encompasses various aspects such as:<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Bodily integrity</li>
 <li>Decisional autonomy</li>
 <li>Protection of personal data and information</li>
 <li>Freedom from surveillance</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Constitutional Basis:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Article 21: "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law."</li>
 <li>The Supreme Court has interpreted "life" expansively to include all those aspects of life which make a person's life meaningful, liveable, and dignified.</li>
 <li>The right to privacy is not absolute and can be subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law, provided they meet the tests of "legality, necessity, and proportionality" and serve a legitimate state aim.</li>
</ul>

• The correct idiom is "nipped in the bud." It means to stop a problem or a situation at an early stage before it can develop into something larger. Using "on," "at," or "off" is grammatically incorrect for this specific phrase.

• The subject "He" is third-person singular, so the verb must be "enjoys" (not enjoy). Additionally, the standard phrase for the activity is "going for a jog."

The correct spelling is "Recipe." The word in the sentence was misspelled as "Recepie."

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Parul Dalsukhbhai Parmar: A Badminton Champion</h3>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background and Achievements</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Parul Parmar is a prominent Para Badminton player from India.</li>
 <li>She has achieved significant success on the international stage, particularly in the Women's Singles SL3 category.</li>
 <li>Her career is marked by numerous international titles and accolades.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Career Highlights</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>World Championships: Parmar is a multiple-time World Champion in Para Badminton. She has won the title in 2013, 2015, and 2017.</li>
 <li>Asian Games: She has also secured medals at the Asian Para Games.</li>
 <li>International Tournaments: She has consistently performed well in various international tournaments organized by the Badminton World Federation (BWF).</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Classification</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The SL3 classification in Para Badminton is for players with a lower limb impairment that affects their ability to stand and balance.</li>
 <li>Players in this category often play using a wheelchair or with crutches for support.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Parul Parmar's success has been instrumental in raising the profile of Para Badminton in India.</li>
 <li>She serves as an inspiration to many aspiring para-athletes.</li>
</ul>

• To "throw cold water on" something means to be negative about it or to discourage someone from doing what they planned.

• The error is in "combined flavours audacious." Adjectives usually come before the noun they modify. It should be "combined audacious flavours" or "combined flavours audaciously" (adverb) to describe how they were combined.

• A Dilemma is a difficult situation or a problem. "Plight" is the closest synonym here, as it refers to a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation.

• To Banish means to send someone away or get rid of something. "Relegate" means to assign to an inferior rank or position, which carries the similar sense of "moving someone away" or dismissing them.

• Dainty means delicate, small, and elegant. The opposite (antonym) is "Inelegant," which means lacking in grace or refinement.

• The error lies in "Generally, I am." In this context, "generally" implies "usually." However, the speaker is expressing a specific feeling of gratitude.
•  A more appropriate adverb would be "Truly" or "Very." "Generally" makes the sentiment sound impersonal or frequent rather than sincere.

• In English, when using the auxiliary verb "Did" to ask a question in the past tense, the main verb must return to its base form. Therefore, "Did she give" is correct, whereas "Did she gave" is a double-past-tense error.

Does she gave her business card to the clients at the party last night? .

Did she give her business card to the clients at the party last night?

Did she given her business card to the clients at the party last night?

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Bill, 2024</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Bill, 2024, aims to make modifications to the existing lists of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) within the state of Odisha.</li>
<li>This legislative proposal seeks to amend the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, specifically concerning their application to Odisha.</li>
<li>Such amendments are typically brought about to include or exclude certain communities from the SC and ST lists based on ethnographic studies, representations from state governments, and recommendations from the Registrar General of India and the National Commission for SCs/STs.</li>
<li>The primary objective of these orders is to ensure that the benefits and protections provided under the Constitution to SCs and STs reach the intended communities.</li>
<li>Historical Context: The original lists of SCs and STs were notified by the President of India under Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution, respectively. These lists have been modified by Parliament through subsequent legislation over the years.</li>
<li>Process of Inclusion/Exclusion: Any proposal for modification of the SC/ST lists must be initiated by the concerned state government and then approved by the central government through the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, followed by parliamentary assent.</li>
<li>Significance for Competitive Exams: Understanding such amendment bills is crucial as they often appear in the "Miscellaneous" section of Indian Polity for various competitive examinations. Questions may revolve around the states affected, the purpose of the amendment, or the constitutional articles involved.</li>
</ul>

Fifth Plan, due to a change in government

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956)</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Primary Focus: The central theme of the First Five Year Plan was agricultural development and allied sectors.</li>
 <li>Context: Launched on April 1, 1951, this plan aimed to address the severe food shortages and the overall economic backwardness inherited from the partition and colonial rule.</li>
 <li>Key Objectives:
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Achieving self-sufficiency in food grains.</li>
 <li>Improving agricultural productivity through increased irrigation, land reforms, and better farming techniques.</li>
 <li>Addressing the rehabilitation of refugees.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Resource Allocation: A significant portion of the total outlay was directed towards agriculture and community development projects.</li>
 <li>Notable Initiatives:
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Initiation of major irrigation projects like the Bhakra Nangal Project.</li>
 <li>Emphasis on Community Development Programmes (CDP) to involve local participation.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Economic Model: It largely followed the Harrod-Domar model and was considered a "lay planning" phase, focusing on consolidating the economy rather than rapid industrialization.</li>
 <li>Outcome: The plan was relatively successful, achieving a national income growth of about 17%, exceeding its target of 12%. Agricultural output saw a notable increase.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Indian National Congress leader Rahul Gandhi</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>In June 2024, Rahul Gandhi resigned from his Lok Sabha seat representing Wayanad, Kerala.</li>
<li>This decision followed his election victory from two constituencies: Wayanad and Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh, in the 2024 Indian General Election.</li>
<li>As per election law in India, an individual cannot hold seats in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha simultaneously, nor can they represent more than one Lok Sabha constituency.</li>
<li>The resignation from the Wayanad seat was seen as a strategic move, allowing him to focus on his parliamentary responsibilities in Uttar Pradesh, a state with a larger number of Lok Sabha seats and significant political importance.</li>
<li>His sister, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, subsequently contested and won the Wayanad Lok Sabha by-election, marking her entry into parliamentary politics.</li>
<li>Rahul Gandhi has been a Member of Parliament (MP) from Wayanad since 2019.</li>
</ul>

Northern UP, Uttarakhand,Himachal Pradesh

• The Error: The word "acomplish" in the original sentence is misspelled. It is missing a second 'c'.

The Correction: The correct spelling is accomplish.

Root Word: It comes from the Old French word accomplir. In English, it follows the pattern of words where the prefix ad- (meaning 'to') assimilates into the following consonant, resulting in a double 'cc'.

Meaning: To achieve or complete a task successfully.

• The Word: Petite (pronounced puh-teet) is an adjective.

Meaning: It refers to a person (usually a woman) who is attractively small and thin. It is borrowed from the French word for "small."

Synonym: Small is the most accurate match among the choices.

• The Context: In the sentence "Ram dropped the glass and it shattered on the floor," the word 'drop' describes the physical action of letting an object go so that it moves downward due to gravity.

Literal Meaning: This matches Option D, which defines 'drop' as the act of falling or allowing something to fall.

• Collocation: In English, a collocation is a pair or group of words that are habitually used together. The most common and natural way to describe something told with a lot of specific information is the phrase "in great detail."

Contextual Fit: While "elaborate" (Option A) is a synonym for detailed, the structure of the sentence is "in [adjective] detail." We say "an elaborate description" but we say "described in great detail."

• The error in the original sentence involves the Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb) and Subject-Verb Agreement.

The Error: The original sentence uses "isn’t make sense." In English, the auxiliary verb "is/am/are" is used with the "-ing" form of the verb (Present Continuous) or as a linking verb. It cannot be followed directly by a base verb like "make."

The Rule: To negate a simple present tense verb (like "make"), we must use the auxiliary verb do or does + not + base verb.

Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject of the clause is "The article" (singular). For singular subjects, we use does not (doesn't).

Correct Structure: Subject + doesn't + base verb.

The article doesn't make sense.

The Context: The sentence discusses the relationship between "adopting sustainable practices" and "environmental conservation." It implies that these practices help or play a part in achieving conservation.

Word Fit:

Contribute: This verb is followed by the preposition "to" (contribute to) and means to give or provide something to help reach a goal. This fits the sentence perfectly.

Sacrifice: Means to give up something valuable. You don't "sacrifice to" conservation in this general context.

Supplies: This means to provide equipment or goods. It does not grammatically or logically fit with the preposition "to" in this sentence structure.

Addition: This is a noun. Grammatically, we need a verb here to show the action of the subject (Adopting sustainable practices).

• The Context: The sentence lists specific examples of "small actions" (reducing plastics, conserving energy, etc.). In English, we need a phrase that introduces examples to explain the previous noun ("Small actions").

Word Fit:

Such as: This is a multi-word preposition used specifically to introduce examples. It fits perfectly: "Small actions, such as reducing single-use plastics..."

Likes: While "like" can be used for examples, "likes" is the third-person singular verb form (e.g., "He likes apples"). It is grammatically incorrect here because we are not talking about a preference.

Dislike: This means to not like something. It contradicts the positive tone of the passage.

Instance: This is a noun. To use it for examples, you would need the full phrase "for instance." "Instance" alone does not work grammatically.

• The Context: The passage lists several "Small actions" (reducing plastic, saving water, etc.). The sentence aims to explain that when all these individual small actions are combined or taken together, they result in a "significant impact."

Word Fit:

Collectively: This means "as a whole" or "all together." It perfectly describes how multiple small actions combine to create a large result.

Sparingly: This means "in small amounts" (e.g., using water sparingly). While this word appeared earlier in the sentence, it doesn't make sense to say actions "sparingly make an impact."

Frequently: This means "often." While actions should be done often, "collectively" is a stronger fit for the logic of "small parts making a big whole."

Additionally: This is a transition word used to add a new point. Since the sentence is already in progress and describing the result of the listed actions, "collectively" fits the grammatical flow better.

The Context: The sentence describes communities that are adopting or supporting the lifestyle of "sustainable living." We need a word that means to accept, support, or take up a particular way of life or idea.

Word Fit:

Embracing: In this context, it means to accept or support (a belief, theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically. It is the most natural and professional way to describe a community adopting a new lifestyle.

Enfold: This means to surround or encompass something physically (like a hug or being wrapped in cloth). It is rarely used for abstract concepts like "sustainable living."

Clutch: This means to grasp or seize something tightly, often out of fear or anxiety. It does not fit the positive tone of adopting a lifestyle.

Squeeze: This means to firmly press something from opposite sides. It is irrelevant to the context of community habits.

• The Context: The sentence explains that creating a healthier environment is intended to benefit the people who will live in the future ("future generations").

Word Fit:

For: This preposition is used to indicate the intended recipient or beneficiary of an action. Since future generations are the ones who will benefit from the healthier environment, "for" is the correct choice.

Towards: This usually indicates a direction or movement (e.g., "walking towards the park"). While it can mean "with a view to," it is less natural than "for" when referring to a target group of people.

Of: This indicates possession or belonging (e.g., "the car of my father"). It does not fit the logic of doing something to benefit someone.

Against: This indicates opposition or conflict. Conserving the environment is not an action taken against future generations.

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