HSA Natural science സിലബസ്

ഏതൊരു പരീക്ഷക്കായി നാം ഒരുങ്ങുമ്പോഴും ആ പരീക്ഷയുടെ സിലബസ് മനസിലാക്കേണ്ടത് അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. സിലബസ് നന്നായി മനസിലാക്കി കഠിന പ്രയത്നം ചെയ്താൽ ഈയൊരു പരീക്ഷ നമുക്ക് മറികടക്കാം. സിലബസ് രണ്ട് ഭാഗങ്ങളായി തിരിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്.

PART A 

Module I: Renaissance and freedom movement 

Module II: General Knowledge and current affairs 

Module III: Methodology of teaching the subject 

• History/conceptual development. Need and Significance, Meaning Nature and Scope of the Subject. 
• Correlation with other subjects and life situations. 
• Aims, Objectives, and Values of Teaching - Taxonomy of Educational Objectives - Old and revised 
• Pedagogic analysis- Need, Significance and Principles. 
• Planning of instruction at Secondary level- Need and importance. Psychological bases of Teaching the subject - Implications of Piaget, Bruner, Gagne, Vygotsky, Ausubel and Gardener - Individual difference, Motivation, Maxims of teaching. 
• Methods and Strategies of teaching the subject- Models of Teaching, Techniques of individualising instruction. 
• Curriculum - Definition, Principles, Modern trends and organizational approaches, Curriculum reforms - NCF/KCF. 
• Instructional resources- Laboratory, Library, Club, Museum- Visual and Audio-Visual aids - Community based resources - e-resources - Text book, Workbook and Handbook. 
• Assessment; Evaluation- Concepts, Purpose, Types, Principles, Modern techniques - CCE and Grading- Tools and techniques - Qualities of a good test - Types of test items Evaluation of projects, Seminars and Assignments - Achievement test, Diagnostic test – Construction, Characteristics, interpretation and remediation
• Teacher - Qualities and Competencies - different roles - Personal Qualities - Essential teaching skills - Microteaching - Action research.

PART B 

Module - I 

ANIMAL DIVERSITY 

I. Whittaker's five Kingdom Classification: 

• Kingdom Protista - Salient features 
• Kingdom Animalia 
• Phylum non-Chordata: 
• Phylum Coelenterate 
• Phylum Platyhelminthes 
• Phylum Nematoda: 
• Phylum Annelida 
• Phylum Arthropoda 
• Phylum Onychophoran  
• Phylum Mollusca

II. PHYLUM CHORDATA 

• General characters 
• Sub phyla  
• Divisions 
• Superclass: 

1. 1. Pisces
   2. Tetrapod

• Classes: 

1. 1. Amphibia: 
   2. Reptilia 
   3. Aves: 
   4. Mammalia: 

Module II 

1. PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 

1. Physiology: 

• Nutrition: 

• Circulation 

• Respiration 

• Excretion 

• Muscle Physiology 

• Nerve Physiology 

• Endocrinology 

2. Biochemistry 

• Biomolecules 

• Metabolism 

• Lipid: 

• Enzymes: 

3. Developmental Biology 

• Theories 

• Fertilization Significance of fertilization and Parthenogenesis. 

• Cleavage 

• Cell differentiation 

• Development 

• Teratology: 

• Experimental Embryology

Module – III 

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 

• Cell Biology 
• • Cell Organelles
• Molecular Biology 
• • Gene Expression
  • Genetic Code
  • Gene Regulation
  • Bacterial Recombination
• Genetics and Biotechnology 
• • Human Genetics: Karyotyping, pedigree analysis, chromosomal anomalies in man 
  • Biochemical Genetics
  • Disorders
  • Biotechnology
  • Blotting Techniques
  • Genomic Library

IMMUNOLGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

• Immunology 
• • Immune System
  • Immunogens
  • Immune Responses
• Microbiology

Module IV 

ECOLOGY, ETHOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

• Ecology 
• • Population Ecology
  • Community Ecology
• Wildlife Conservation and Management
• Ethology
• Evolution
• Zoogeography

Module V

• Microbiology 
• • Bacteria
  • Viruses
• Mycology and Lichenology 
• • Fungi
  • Lichens
• Plant Pathology 
• • Principles of Plant Pathology
• Bryology
• Pteridology
• Gymnosperms
• Palaeobotany

Module VI

• Morphology
• Systematics
• Economic Botany
• Anatomy
• Embryology
• Crop Improvement

Module VII

I. Plant Physiology 

• Water in relation to plants

• Transpiration

• Translocation of water

• Mineral nutrition

• Photosynthesis

• Translocation of photosynthates

• Growth and Development

ii. Metabolism and Biochemistry

iii. Cell Biology

iv. Genetics and Molecular Biology

v. Evolution

Module VIII

1. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
2. • Ecosystem
   • Natural resources
   • Social issues and the environment

• • • Biodiversity and Conservation

ii. TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLGY

• Plant Tissue culture
• Recombinant DNA and Molecular cloning 
• • Cloning vectors
  • Gene transfer technique
  • Biotechnology and Bio ethics
• Bioinformatics 
• • Major databases in Bioinformatics:
  • Nucleotide sequence databases
  • Database Search Engines
  • Pair wise sequence alignment
  • Homology modeling of protein, structure prediction
  • Microtechnique
• Biostatistics 
• • Measures of Central tendency
  • Measures of Dispersion
  • Design of Experiment