Learn 77 questions from SSC GD 2025 Shift 2

SSC GD 2025 Shift 2 Questions

• Discredit-. To cause someone or something to seem dishonest or untrue.

• Scatter means to spread, Amalgamate means to combine, and Entitle means to give a right to something.

• sense. -This is a standard collocation (words that naturally go together). 
• We say a "sense of relief," "sense of humor," or "sense of urgency."

• Communication. The root is "communicate," and the suffix is "-ion."

• both challenging and rewarding. 
• * Rule: The correlative conjunction "both" is always paired with "and." It highlights two qualities existing at the same time.

• Softly" refers to volume or touch (gentle). 
• When examining something carefully or with great attention to detail, the correct adverb is minutely, thoroughly, or closely.

• This is a common English idiom used to describe someone who is very active or hardworking.
• "Beat around the bush" is an idiom meaning to avoid the main topic, but it doesn't fit the "as ___ as" structure here.

•  While "contrast to" is sometimes used for nouns (e.g., "In contrast to..."), when using contrast as a verb to compare two things directly, "with" is the standard preposition.

• This is a redundancy error. "Big" and "enormous" mean the same thing. 
• The sentence should likely read: "is not big enough to accommodate..."

• Destroy. This is a direct match
• Confirm (verify), Increase (grow), and Lengthen (make longer) are unrelated or opposite in nature.

• Renewal. 
• Nouns formed from verbs ending in "-ew" typically use the "-al" suffix (e.g., Renew → Renewal, Withdraw → Withdrawal).

• Kalamandalam Kshemavathy Pavithran is a renowned exponent of Mohiniyattam, a classical Indian dance form that originated in the state of Kerala.

• Her contributions to the field of Mohiniyattam have been recognized with prestigious awards, including the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honor, conferred by the Government of India.

The Seventh Schedule is crucial as it delineates the powers between the Union (Central) Government and the State Governments. This division of powers is a cornerstone of India's federal structure, ensuring a balance between central authority and regional autonomy.

• Chhau is a semi-classical Indian dance with martial, tribal, and folk origins.

• It originated in the Eastern India region, primarily in the states of Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.

Groundnuts are legumes and are well-known for their high oil content.

The primary components of groundnut oil are fatty acids, predominantly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.

• The 'August Offer' of 1940 was a proposal made by the then Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow.

• This offer was made during the Second World War, specifically on August 8, 1940.

• The 3rd edition of the Khelo India Winter Games was held in February 2023.

• Gulmarg in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir was the venue for this prestigious event.

• This climate type is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons.

• The wet season is typically during the summer months, receiving ample rainfall, while the dry season occurs during the winter months with very little precipitation.

• Integration of Production and Markets: MNCs are central to globalization by establishing production facilities and distribution networks across multiple countries. This facilitates the seamless flow of goods, services, and capital across national borders, effectively integrating national economies into a global marketplace.

They regulate national policies on trade.

They integrate production and markets across different countries

• Bihar recorded the highest natural growth rate in population among Indian states as per the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2020 report. The natural growth rate is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

• The SRS is a demographic survey conducted by the Registrar General of India. It provides reliable estimates of fertility, mortality, and natural growth rates at the national and sub-national levels.

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Union Minister of Culture Appointment (June 2024)</h3>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Gajendra Singh Shekhawat</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Gajendra Singh Shekhawat was appointed as the Union Minister of Culture in June 2024.</li>
 <li>This appointment is significant as the Ministry of Culture oversees the preservation and promotion of India's rich artistic, historical, and cultural heritage.</li>
 <li>Background: Shekhawat has previously held significant portfolios, including the Ministry of Jal Shakti, where he was instrumental in implementing national water missions.</li>
 <li>Ministry of Culture Responsibilities: The Ministry of Culture is responsible for a wide range of institutions and initiatives, including:
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)</li>
 <li>National Museum</li>
 <li>Sangeet Natak Akademi</li>
 <li>Sahitya Akademi</li>
 <li>Lalit Kala Akademi</li>
 <li>Zonal Cultural Centres</li>
 <li>Development and promotion of performing and visual arts</li>
 <li>Protection and conservation of historical monuments and sites</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Context for Competitive Exams: Knowledge of current ministerial appointments is crucial for sections on government and polity in competitive exams. Understanding the role and responsibilities of key ministries like Culture can also be beneficial for essay or general awareness questions.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Article 94 of the Indian Constitution</h3>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Vacation, Resignation, and Removal of Speaker and Deputy Speaker</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Article 94 specifically deals with the circumstances under which the offices of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) become vacant.</li>
 <li>Vacation of Office: The office becomes vacant if the concerned member is expelled from the membership of the Lok Sabha.</li>
 <li>Resignation: A Speaker or Deputy Speaker can resign from their office by writing a resignation letter. 
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Speaker resigns to the Deputy Speaker.</li>
 <li>The Deputy Speaker resigns to the Speaker.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Removal from Office: The Speaker or Deputy Speaker can be removed from their office by a resolution of the Lok Sabha. 
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Such a resolution can only be passed if at least 14 days' prior notice has been given of the intention to move the resolution.</li>
 <li>During the consideration of a resolution for the removal of the Speaker, the Speaker shall not preside, and during the consideration of a resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, the Deputy Speaker shall not preside.</li>
 <li>The resolution must be passed by a majority of all the then members of the House. This is a special majority, distinct from a simple majority or an absolute majority.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Key Point for Exams: Article 94 is crucial as it outlines the constitutional provisions for the continuity and accountability of the Presiding Officers of the Lok Sabha.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Firms Sector in Economics</h3>
The 'Firms sector' in economics encompasses all business entities that are involved in the production of goods and services. This includes a wide array of organizational structures.

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Components of the Firms Sector:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Corporations: These are legal entities separate from their owners, offering limited liability. They can be publicly traded or privately held.</li>
 <li>Partnerships: These involve two or more individuals who agree to share in the profits or losses of a business. Types include general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships (LLPs).</li>
 <li>Sole Proprietorships: While not explicitly mentioned in the question's options, sole proprietorships (businesses owned and run by one individual with no legal distinction between the owner and the business) are also fundamental business entities contributing to the economy.</li>
 <li>Other Business Entities: This can extend to cooperatives, joint ventures, and other forms of business organizations.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Role in the Economy:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Firms are the primary producers in an economy, transforming inputs into outputs.</li>
 <li>They employ labor, utilize capital, and drive innovation.</li>
 <li>Their activities are crucial for economic growth, job creation, and the supply of goods and services to consumers.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Distinction from Other Sectors:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Households Sector: Consists of individuals or families who consume goods and services and provide factors of production (labor, land, capital).</li>
 <li>Government Sector: Encompasses public administration, defense, and the provision of public services.</li>
 <li>Foreign Sector (or External Sector): Includes all transactions with other countries (exports, imports, capital flows).</li>
</ul>

Understanding the firms sector is fundamental to grasping how an economy functions, particularly in analyzing production, employment, and market dynamics.

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Population of North-Eastern States (Census 2011)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>As per the Census of India, 2011, Assam recorded the highest population among the northeastern states.</li>
<li>The total population of Assam in 2011 was approximately 31.2 million.</li>
<li>This makes Assam the most populous state in the Northeast region of India.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Population Figures (Northeastern States, 2011 Census)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Assam: ~31.2 million</li>
<li>Tripura: ~3.67 million</li>
<li>Meghalaya: ~2.97 million</li>
<li>Manipur: ~2.86 million</li>
<li>Nagaland: ~1.98 million</li>
<li>Arunachal Pradesh: ~1.38 million</li>
<li>Mizoram: ~1.09 million</li>
<li>Sikkim: ~0.61 million</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance for Competitive Exams</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Questions regarding state populations, particularly from specific regions like the Northeast, are common in competitive exams.</li>
<li>Understanding the relative population sizes of states is crucial for answering such questions accurately.</li>
<li>The Census of India, conducted every ten years, is the primary source for this demographic data.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Ohm's Law: A Fundamental Principle in Electrical Circuits</h3>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Discovery and Formulation</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>In 1827, German physicist Georg Simon Ohm published his groundbreaking work detailing the relationship between electrical current, voltage, and resistance.</li>
 <li>This fundamental relationship is now famously known as Ohm's Law.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Core Principle</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) across its ends and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.</li>
 <li>Mathematically, this is expressed as: V = I * R, where:<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>V represents the Potential Difference (Voltage), measured in Volts (V).</li>
 <li>I represents the Electric Current, measured in Amperes (A).</li>
 <li>R represents the Electrical Resistance, measured in Ohms (
 Ω
 ).</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Concepts Explained</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Potential Difference (Voltage): This is the electrical force that pushes charge carriers (like electrons) through a conductor. It's the 'pressure' that drives the current.</li>
 <li>Current (I): This is the rate of flow of electric charge. It's the amount of charge passing a point in a circuit per unit of time.</li>
 <li>Resistance (R): This is the opposition to the flow of electric current. Materials with high resistance impede the flow of charge, while materials with low resistance allow it to flow more easily.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance and Applications</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Ohm's Law is a cornerstone of electrical engineering and physics.</li>
 <li>It is crucial for analyzing and designing electrical circuits, from simple household wiring to complex electronic devices.</li>
 <li>Understanding Ohm's Law allows engineers to calculate necessary voltage, current, or resistance values for specific applications.</li>
 <li>It helps in determining power dissipation in circuits and ensuring components operate within safe limits.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Historical Context</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Georg Simon Ohm's work was initially met with skepticism but is now recognized as one of the most important discoveries in the field of electricity.</li>
 <li>His empirical investigations laid the foundation for a quantitative understanding of electrical phenomena.</li>
</ul>

The sum of all currents entering a junction must equal the sum of all currents leaving the junction.

The total electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed.

The current flow is proportional to potential difference and inversely proportional to resistance.

The magnitude of EMF induced in the coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux associated with that coil.

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Gudi Padwa: A Celebration of Marathi New Year</h3>
Gudi Padwa is a significant festival marking the traditional New Year for Marathi and Konkani Hindus.
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Aspects of Gudi Padwa:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Timing: It is celebrated on the first day of the Chaitra month according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar. This usually falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.</li>
 <li>Significance:
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Marks the beginning of the Kharif crop season.</li>
 <li>Commemorates the coronation of Lord Rama after his return from exile.</li>
 <li>Also celebrated as Ugadi in other parts of India, such as Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Celebrations:
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Gudi: The most distinctive practice is the hoisting of a 'Gudi', which is an inverted copper or brass pot (kalash) placed on top of a bamboo stick. This is adorned with a bright silk cloth, flowers, and neem leaves. The 'Gudi' symbolizes victory and prosperity.</li>
 <li>Rangoli: Intricate patterns of Rangoli are drawn at the entrance of homes.</li>
 <li>Sweets: Special traditional sweets like 'Puran Poli' and 'Shrikhand' are prepared and shared.</li>
 <li>New Beginnings: It is considered an auspicious day for new ventures, purchases, and investments.</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>Regional Variations: While celebrated as Gudi Padwa by Maharashtrians, it is known by different names and has slightly varied customs in other regions, highlighting the diverse cultural landscape of India.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Competitive Exam Relevance:</h4>
Questions related to Indian festivals, their regional names, significance, and associated customs are frequently asked in competitive exams. Understanding Gudi Padwa's role as the Marathi New Year, its timing, and the ritual of hoisting the 'Gudi' are important facts for exam preparation.

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">PM – Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana Overview</h3><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Scheme Objectives:</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>To provide free electricity up to 300 units per month to eligible households.</li><li>To promote the installation of rooftop solar (RTS) systems across India.</li><li>To reduce electricity bills for consumers and contribute to environmental sustainability.</li><li>To boost the green jobs sector in the renewable energy domain.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Features and Benefits:</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Subsidies: The scheme offers substantial subsidies for installing rooftop solar systems. The subsidy amount varies based on the system's capacity (1 kW to 3 kW and above 3 kW).</li><li>Central Financial Assistance (CFA): Provided by the central government to offset the upfront cost of solar installations.</li><li>Interest-Free Loans: For systems with capacities above 3 kW, citizens can avail of interest-free loans to finance their installations.</li><li>National Portal: A dedicated portal simplifies the application process for subsidies and approvals.</li><li>Electricity Generation: Households can generate their own electricity, reducing reliance on grid power.</li><li>Net Metering: Excess electricity generated can be exported to the grid, earning credits or payments.</li><li>Environmental Impact: Contributes to reducing carbon emissions and promoting clean energy.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Target Beneficiaries:</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Primarily targets residential consumers across India.</li><li>Focus on households that consume up to 300 units of electricity per month.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Exclusions:</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>This scheme is specifically designed for the residential sector and does not directly offer benefits or subsidies for commercial or industrial consumers (private sector).</li><li>The primary goal is to provide 'Muft Bijli' (free electricity) up to a certain limit to households, not to subsidize energy costs for businesses.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Financial Outlay:</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>The Union Cabinet has approved an expenditure of ₹75,021 crore for the scheme, with ₹30,000 crore allocated for subsidies.</li><li>The scheme is expected to benefit over 1 crore households.</li></ul>

Reduced electricity costs for the government

Reduced electricity costs for the private sector

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Sikkil Mala Chandrasekhar: A Flautist of Renown</h3>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background and Training:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Sikkil Mala Chandrasekhar is a distinguished Carnatic flautist.</li>
 <li>She hails from the renowned Sikkil sisters' musical lineage.</li>
 <li>Her initial training was under her father, Sikkil V. V. Sundaram.</li>
 <li>Later, she received advanced training from the legendary flautist T. R. Mahalingam.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Musical Career and Achievements:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>She is celebrated for her technical brilliance and soulful rendition of ragas.</li>
 <li>Chandrasekhar has performed extensively across India and internationally, captivating audiences with her masterful technique on the bamboo flute.</li>
 <li>Her contributions have significantly enriched the field of Carnatic music.</li>
 <li>She has received numerous awards and accolades for her contributions to music.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance in Carnatic Music:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The flute, particularly the Carnatic style of playing, requires immense breath control, finger dexterity, and an intuitive understanding of melody and rhythm.</li>
 <li>Artists like Sikkil Mala Chandrasekhar showcase the versatility and emotional depth achievable with this instrument.</li>
</ul>

Proscribe means to officially forbid or ban something.

In the context of the sentence, the school policies prohibit (forbid) students from accessing social media on school computers.

Why the others are wrong: Surround means to encircle; Reveal means to show or make known; Vary means to change or differ. None of these fit the context of a restrictive policy.

Correlative Conjunctions: In English grammar, certain words work in pairs. The word Neither is always paired with nor to express a negative statement about two people or things.

The Rule: * Neither goes with nor.

Either goes with or.

Since the sentence starts with "Neither John," the only grammatically correct partner to complete the pair is nor.

Confess means to admit that one has committed a crime or done something wrong; to acknowledge something.

Disavow means to deny any responsibility or support for something; to disclaim or reject. Since it is the opposite of admitting/acknowledging, it is the most appropriate antonym.

Why the others are wrong: * Witness (to see an event) is unrelated.

Scare (to frighten) is unrelated.

Preface (an introduction to a book or speech) is unrelated.

Concise means giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive.

In the sentence, the teacher explained the concept in a way that was short and to the point, which is why it was easy to understand. Brief is the closest synonym.

Passive Voice: The technology (Elastocaloric cooling) is not the one doing the action; it is being used by people or industries. Therefore, we need the passive form "to be used."

Preposition Choice: We use the preposition "in" when referring to fields, categories, or specific areas of utility (e.g., "used in medicine," "used in various applications").

The Context: The sentence describes Mr. Cyril Boggis disguised as a leader belonging to or associated with the Christian Church.

Prepositional Usage: The preposition "of" is used to show belonging, connection, or origin. In English, we say "a leader of the church" or "a member of the organization."

The Phrase: The correct idiomatic expression is "by trade." It is used to identify someone’s profession or the type of work they are trained to do.

Context: The sentence says, "He was by trade a dealer in antique furniture," which means his occupation or job was selling antiques.

Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject of this blank is "premises." In the context of property or buildings, the word "premises" is treated as a plural noun. Therefore, it requires a plural verb.

Tense Consistency: The entire passage is written in the past tense (e.g., "he was," "he did not," "he managed").

The Context: The sentence describes Mr. Boggis's business strategy: buying items at a very low price and selling them at a very high price to make a profit.

Vocabulary Usage: In a commercial or old-fashioned English context, the word "dear" means expensive or at a high price. It is the opposite of "cheap."

The Context: The passage describes Mr. Boggis as a dealer in antique furniture. In the world of art and antiques, individual items (like a chair, a table, or a cabinet) are commonly referred to as a "piece" or a "piece of furniture."

Vocabulary Usage: When the text says "buying or selling a piece," it refers specifically to an item of antique furniture he is trading.

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