Learn 77 questions from SSC GD 2025 Shift 3

SSC GD 2025 Shift 3 Questions

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>This amendment is primarily related to the establishment and powers of the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).</li><li>It granted constitutional status to the NCBC, elevating it from a statutory body.</li><li>Prior to this amendment, the NCBC was established under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993.</li><li>The 102nd Amendment Act inserted Article 338B into the Constitution, which deals with the powers, functions, and constitution of the NCBC.</li><li>It also amended Article 342A, which deals with the specification of socially and educationally backward classes.</li><li>This amendment empowers the President to notify socially and educationally backward classes for any state or union territory.</li><li>It also provides for the inclusion or exclusion of communities in the list of backward classes, which now requires a parliamentary act.</li><li>This amendment aimed to give more teeth to the commission and ensure a more robust mechanism for identifying and addressing the concerns of backward classes in India.</li><li>The establishment of a constitutional body for NCBC ensures greater autonomy and accountability.</li></ul>

Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002

Constitution (One hundred and fourth Amendment) Act, 2019

Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018

Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Kathak: A Classical Indian Dance Form</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance, recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi.</li>
 <li>Its origins can be traced back to the nomadic bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathakars or storytellers.</li>
 <li>The dance form is characterized by intricate footwork (tatkar), fast pirouettes (chakkars), and dramatic storytelling (abhinaya).</li>
 <li> Kathak has evolved through different periods, notably under the influence of the Mughal courts, where it developed its characteristic grace and elaborate costumes.</li>
 <li>Major gharanas (schools) of Kathak include the Lucknow Gharana, Jaipur Gharana, and Benares Gharana, each with its unique style and emphasis.</li>
 <li>Shovana Narayan is a highly acclaimed dancer and choreographer in the field of Kathak. She was awarded the Padma Shri in 1992, one of India's highest civilian honors, for her significant contributions to the art form.</li>
 <li>She has performed extensively both nationally and internationally, promoting Kathak dance worldwide.</li>
 <li>Other prominent Kathak dancers include Birju Maharaj, Uday Shankar, Gopi Krishna, and Sitara Devi.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key elements of Kathak:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Tala: Complex rhythmic cycles.</li>
 <li>Laya: Tempo and speed.</li>
 <li>Mudras: Hand gestures used to convey meaning.</li>
 <li>Abhinaya: Expressive storytelling through facial expressions and body movements.</li>
 <li>Tatkar: Intricate footwork with ankle bells (ghungroos).</li>
 <li>Chakkars: Fast pirouettes.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Government of India Act, 1919</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>This significant Act, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, was enacted by the British Parliament in 1919.</li><li>It aimed to introduce a responsible government in India, a key demand during the nationalist movement.</li><li>Dyarchy was the most prominent feature introduced by this Act. The word 'dyarchy' is derived from the Greek word 'diarche', meaning 'rule of two'.</li><li>Under dyarchy, the provincial subjects of administration were divided into two categories:<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Transferred subjects: These were administered by the Governor with the help of the elected Indian ministers responsible to the provincial legislative council. Examples included education, public health, agriculture, and local self-government.</li><li>Reserved subjects: These were administered by the Governor and his executive council, who were not responsible to the legislative council. Examples included land revenue, law and order, justice, and irrigation.</li></ul></li><li>The Act also expanded the legislative councils, both at the centre and in the provinces. The central legislature was made bicameral, consisting of the Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the Council of State (upper house).</li><li>It also introduced direct elections for the first time in India, though the franchise was limited.</li><li>Dyarchy, however, proved to be a largely unsuccessful experiment due to several factors, including the division of powers, lack of cooperation between ministers and executive councillors, and the Governor's overriding powers. It was later abolished by the Government of India Act, 1935.</li></ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Bhu-Neer Portal Launch</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>The Bhu-Neer portal was launched in September 2024.</li><li>This portal was introduced by Union Minister CR Patil.</li><li>This initiative falls under the purview of the Ministry of Jal Shakti.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Significance and Functionality</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Bhu-Neer stands for 'Bhoomi Neer', which translates to 'Land Water' in Hindi.</li><li>The portal aims to provide a centralized platform for managing and disseminating information related to water resources and land use planning in India.</li><li>It is expected to integrate data from various government departments and agencies to facilitate informed decision-making for sustainable water management and agricultural practices.</li><li>This is particularly crucial for India, a nation heavily reliant on agriculture and facing increasing water scarcity challenges.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">About the Minister</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>CR Patil is a prominent leader from Gujarat.</li><li>He holds the portfolio of Minister of Jal Shakti at the time of the portal's launch.</li><li>His ministry plays a vital role in the country's water conservation and management efforts.</li></ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Sanjhi Festival: A Closer Look</h3>
The festival of Sanjhi is primarily celebrated in the Punjab region of India. While its observance might have regional variations and influences from neighbouring areas, Punjab is considered its core territory.
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Aspects of Sanjhi:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Artistic Expression: Sanjhi is deeply rooted in folk art, particularly the creation of ephemeral wall paintings and murals. These are often made on mud walls during the Navaratri period (the nine nights dedicated to Goddess Durga).</li>
<li>Devotional Theme: The themes predominantly revolve around the life and stories of Radha and Krishna, reflecting a strong devotional (Bhakti) tradition.</li>
<li>Navaratri Significance: The festival is closely associated with the nine-day Hindu festival of Navaratri, falling typically in September or October. The artistic creations are often completed by the end of Navaratri.</li>
<li>Community Participation: In many villages, the creation of Sanjhi art is a community effort, involving women and young girls who come together to decorate common walls or spaces.</li>
<li>Regional Variations: While Punjab is the primary state, similar art forms and traditions might be found in parts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, often influenced by local customs and deities.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Exam-Relevant Points:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>State Association: Remember that Sanjhi is predominantly associated with Punjab. If asked about the state where it is celebrated, Punjab would be the correct answer.</li>
<li>Art Form: Recognize Sanjhi as a significant form of Indian folk art, specifically wall painting.</li>
<li>Associated Festivals: Link Sanjhi with Navaratri and the devotional stories of Radha-Krishna.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">River Sutlej and its Vedic Significance</h3>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Vedic name for the river Sutlej is Shutudri.</li>
 <li>The Sutlej River is one of the five major rivers that form the Sapta Sindhu region, a term mentioned in the Rigveda.</li>
 <li>The Sapta Sindhu, meaning 'seven rivers', was considered a sacred land in the Vedic period.</li>
 <li>The other rivers forming the Sapta Sindhu are:</li>
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Indus (Sindhu)</li>
 <li>Jhelum (Vitasta)</li>
 <li>Chenab (Asikni)</li>
 <li>Ravi (Parushni)</li>
 <li>Beas (Vipasa)</li>
 <li>Sutlej (Shutudri)</li>
 <li>Saraswati (often considered mythical or dried up in later periods)</li>
 </ul>
 <li>The Rigveda extensively describes the Sapta Sindhu region, highlighting its importance for the Vedic civilization.</li>
 <li>Shutudri finds mention in hymns of the Rigveda, often associated with prosperity and divine blessings.</li>
 <li>Geographically, the Sutlej River originates in the Tibetan Plateau, flows through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in India, and then into Pakistan, where it merges with the Chenab River.</li>
 <li>It is a vital source of water for irrigation in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Annpurna Devi Yadav: Union Minister of Women and Child Development</h3>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>In June 2024, Annpurna Devi Yadav was appointed as the Union Minister of Women and Child Development in the Government of India.</li>
 <li>This appointment comes after the general elections held in India.</li>
 <li>She represents the Koderma constituency in Jharkhand in the Lok Sabha.</li>
 <li>Prior to this, she served as the Minister of State for Education in the previous government.</li>
 <li>The Ministry of Women and Child Development is a branch of the Government of India responsible for formulating and implementing policies and programs related to women and children.</li>
 <li>Key areas of focus for the ministry include child protection, women's empowerment, nutrition, and overall development of women and children.</li>
 <li>Annpurna Devi Yadav's role involves overseeing these critical aspects of social development in India.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background and Political Career</h4>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Annpurna Devi has a long-standing career in politics, having been a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Bihar prior to her national political career.</li>
 <li>She has been associated with various political parties, eventually joining the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).</li>
 <li>Her political journey reflects a significant presence in both state and national politics, focusing on issues pertinent to her constituents and the nation.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Article 46 of the Indian Constitution</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Article 46 falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), specifically in Part IV of the Constitution.</li>
<li>It mandates that the State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.</li>
<li>The State shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.</li>
<li>DPSPs are not legally enforceable by any court, but they are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. (Article 37)</li>
<li>This principle aims to ensure social and economic justice and aims to establish a welfare state.</li>
<li>Key related concepts for exams:</li>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST): Specific communities recognized by the President of India under Articles 341 and 342, respectively, often facing historical disadvantages.</li>
<li>Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Guidelines or principles set for the Union and State governments to follow while forming laws and policies. Inspired by the Irish Constitution.</li>
<li>Fundamental Rights vs. DPSPs: Fundamental Rights are justiciable (enforceable by courts), while DPSPs are non-justiciable. However, DPSPs aim to achieve goals that are complementary to Fundamental Rights.</li>
<li>Welfare State: A concept where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens.</li>
</ul>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Padma Shri Award for Baiga Dance</h3>
Arjun Singh Dhurve was honored with the Padma Shri in 2022 for his dedicated work in promoting the Baiga tribal dance form.

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">About Baiga Dance:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Baiga dance is a significant tribal art form originating from the Baiga community, primarily residing in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in India.</li>
 <li>This dance is deeply intertwined with the cultural and social fabric of the Baiga people, often performed during festivals, marriages, and other important social gatherings.</li>
 <li>The performances typically involve energetic movements, vibrant costumes, and traditional musical instruments, reflecting the community's connection to nature and their ancestral traditions.</li>
 <li>Different types of Baiga dances exist, each with its own specific movements and occasions, such as Karma, Saila, and Phulgudi.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">About Padma Shri Award:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India, awarded by the Government of India annually.</li>
 <li>It is conferred upon citizens for their distinguished contribution in various fields including arts, education, industry, literature, science, sports, social service, and public affairs.</li>
 <li>The award was instituted in 1954.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">About Arjun Singh Dhurve:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Arjun Singh Dhurve is recognized for his lifelong commitment to preserving and popularizing the Baiga dance.</li>
 <li>His efforts have been crucial in ensuring that this traditional art form is passed down to younger generations and gains wider recognition.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Role of Advertising in Trade</h3>
Advertising plays a crucial role in modern trade by performing several key functions:
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Informing Consumers: Advertisements educate potential buyers about new products, their features, benefits, prices, and availability. This helps consumers make informed purchasing decisions. For instance, a new smartphone advertisement will highlight its camera quality, battery life, and price point.</li>
 <li>Attracting Customers: Through creative messaging and appealing visuals, advertising aims to capture the attention of target audiences and persuade them to choose a particular brand or product over competitors. This can involve highlighting unique selling propositions (USPs) or creating emotional connections.</li>
 <li>Creating Demand: Effective advertising stimulates consumer desire and creates a demand for goods and services, which in turn drives sales and economic activity.</li>
 <li>Building Brand Image: Consistent advertising helps in establishing and maintaining a positive brand image and reputation in the market. This builds trust and loyalty among consumers.</li>
 <li>Increasing Sales Volume: By reaching a wider audience and persuading them to buy, advertising directly contributes to increasing the sales volume for businesses.</li>
 <li>Supporting Competition: Advertising allows new entrants to challenge established brands and promotes healthy competition in the marketplace, often leading to better products and prices for consumers.</li>
 <li>Facilitating Market Expansion: It helps businesses expand their reach into new geographical areas or target new customer segments.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Exam-related Facts:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Advertising is a major component of the Promotion 'P' in the Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion).</li>
 <li>Different types of advertising include print (newspapers, magazines), broadcast (TV, radio), digital (online ads, social media), and out-of-home (billboards).</li>
 <li>The effectiveness of advertising is often measured using metrics like reach, frequency, brand recall, and return on ad spend (ROAS).</li>
 <li>Key concepts related to advertising include target audience, unique selling proposition (USP), and advertising appeal (e.g., rational, emotional).</li>
</ul>

• This idiom means to work or study late into the night.

•  "Burning the candle at both ends" means overworking yourself (day and night); "Burning bridges" means destroying relationships; "Burning ships" means leaving yourself no way to retreat.

• A chuckle is a suppressed or quiet laugh.

• "Guffaw" is a loud laugh; "Cackle" is a noisy, shrill laugh.

Laugh quietly without opening one's mouth

• The correct spelling is Business. (The 'i' comes before the 'u' sound, but it's often misspelled because of the pronunciation).

• The correct spelling is Comprehensive. It was missing the 'i' before the 'v'.

• To prostrate means to lie stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, usually in submission or adoration. This fits the context of "disciples" and "self-claimed gods."

• While "David loudly opened" isn't strictly ungrammatical in all contexts, in standard English testing, the adverb usually follows the verb or the object for better flow.
•  It should be: "David opened the gift loudly."

• The sentence "She been showing..." is missing a helping verb. 
• To make it grammatically correct, it should be: "She has been showing off..." (Present Perfect Continuous) or "She was showing off..." (Past Continuous).

• The sentence mentions "last month," which is a specific time in the past. Therefore, you must use the Simple Past tense (launched).
• "Did launched" is grammatically impossible (use did + base form); "Was launching" implies a continuous action that usually requires another interrupting event.

• This describes a situation where someone tries to do two things at once but fails at both because they couldn't commit to either.

• Imagine trying to sit on two chairs that are moving apart; you end up on the floor.

• This is a phrasal verb. To "count on" someone means to rely on them or trust them.

Usage: "You can always count on me."

• The Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) code is a unique identifier found at the bottom of cheques. It typically consists of a series of numbers and symbols printed using special magnetic ink.

• The first-ever SAARC Gold Cup Football tournament was held in 1993.

• The tournament was hosted by Pakistan.

• The final matches, including the championship decider, took place in the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

• As per the Census of India 2011, Mizoram recorded the highest literacy rate among the 'Seven Sister States' of Northeast India.

• The literacy rate in Mizoram was found to be 91.58%.

symbiosis, in ecological terms, refers to any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological species.

A close and long-term interaction between different species

Competition between organisms for resources

Random movement of organisms in their habitat

• The Census of India provides decadal population growth rates, which indicate the percentage change in population over a 10-year period. Understanding these rates is crucial for demographic analysis and policy-making.

• The Chandra River originates from the Chandra Glacier near Baralacha Pass in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh.

• The Bhaga River originates from the Suraj Tal Lake, which is fed by glaciers, also near Baralacha Pass.

• Camphor is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H16O. It is known for its distinctive strong, pungent aroma and its crystalline, waxy, white appearance.

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (P.C. Mahalanobis) was a renowned Indian scientist and statistician.

• He is widely regarded as the father of statistics in India.

• Mahalanobis founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Kolkata in 1931.

• S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, often referred to as SPB, was an Indian playback singer, actor, music director, voice actor, and film producer who predominantly worked in Telugu cinema, along with Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, and Malayalam cinema.

• The game originated in England as an after-dinner parlour game for the upper class in the 1880s.

• Early versions used improvised equipment like cigar box lids as bats and champagne corks as balls.

Context of the Sentence: The speaker is driving and retracing a route using a map. When you are driving or trying to find your way, you look at a map quickly and repeatedly to check your direction.

Definition of "Glance": A glance is a brief or hurried look. In this sentence, "taking frequent glances at the map" fits perfectly because it describes the action of looking at the map quickly while navigating.

Definition of Precise: The word Precise means marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail. It implies being strictly defined or stated.

Why Accurate is the Synonym: Accurate means correct in all details or exact. Since both words describe something that is "perfectly correct" or "spot on," they are synonyms.

• Understanding the Bracketed Word: The word given is Enlarge, which means to make something bigger, increase, or expand.

The Context of the Sentence: The sentence mentions a "new law" regarding "illegal drugs." Laws are generally created to stop, reduce, or limit illegal activities, not to make them bigger.

Why "Curtail" is the Antonym: Curtail means to reduce in extent or quantity; to impose a restriction on. Since the opposite of "enlarge" (increasing) is "curtail" (decreasing/restricting), it is the most appropriate antonym for this context.

• Definition of Magnanimous: The word Magnanimous comes from the Latin roots magnus (great) and animus (soul/mind). It describes someone who is very generous, forgiving, and possesses a "noble" or "great" spirit, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful.

Why Degraded is the Antonym: Degraded refers to something that is low in character, quality, or moral standing (dishonorable). Since a "magnanimous" person is of high moral character and "noble" spirit, "degraded" (meaning low or base) serves as the most appropriate opposite in terms of character and status.

• Definition of Distraught: The word Distraught describes someone who is deeply upset, agitated, or overcome with extreme worry and grief. It is a state of being mentally "torn apart" by sadness or stress.

Why Happy is the Antonym: Since Distraught represents a high level of emotional distress and sorrow, Happy represents the opposite emotional state of being content, cheerful, and untroubled.

• Context of the Sentence: The passage is describing what chatbots are and how they function. When we talk about computer programs or software being created for a specific purpose, we use the word "designed."

Why "Designed" fits: In this context, "designed to simulate conversations" means the software was intentionally built or programmed with the goal of mimicking human speech.

The Grammar Rule (Subjunctive Mood): The sentence uses the phrase "as if". In English, when we use "as if" or "as though" to describe a situation that is unreal or hypothetical (because a chatbot is not actually a human), we use the Subjunctive Mood.

Why "Were": In the subjunctive mood, we use were regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural (e.g., "He talks as if he were the boss").

In Context: "...to simulate conversations as if they were another human." This correctly indicates a hypothetical comparison between the chatbot and a human.

• Context of the Sentence: After the first two sentences explain what chatbots are, the third sentence introduces a specific chatbot called "Replika" and provides statistics about its users ($10$ million users in $2022$).
• Why "Example" fits: In English writing, when you move from a general definition (chatbots) to a specific case (Replika), you use the phrase "For example". It signals to the reader that a supporting instance is being provided to illustrate the previous point.

• Context of the Sentence: The passage describes Replika as a chatbot "billed as a companion." A companion or a "friend" (as mentioned in the next sentence) is expected to show emotional support or interest.

Why "Cares" fits: In marketing or describing AI companions, the phrase "a companion who cares" is used to suggest that the AI provides emotional engagement or listens to the user's feelings. It aligns with the subsequent sentence which says, "It acts like a friend."

• Context of the Sentence: The passage warns that in many chatbot applications, there are "no moderation or human checks." This usually refers to the type of material, messages, or information the AI generates.

Why "Content" fits: In the digital and AI world, content refers to the information or messages produced by a program. "Inappropriate content" is a standard term used to describe harmful, sexual, or violent language that is not suitable for users, especially children.

Logical Flow: The final sentence advises parents to "be aware if your child is spending a long time with AI friends," which directly connects to the risk of the child seeing inappropriate content.

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