Learn 86 questions from SSC MTS 2024 Shift 3

SSC MTS 2024 Shift 3 Questions

Idiom: "To face the music."

Meaning: To accept the unpleasant consequences of one's actions or mistakes.

Context: Since Jane made a serious mistake, she has to deal with the repercussions.

Correct Spelling: Calendar (ends with '-ar').

"Conscience," "Cemetery," and "Accommodate" are all spelled correctly.

• The question asks for a replacement for "polite."

While "humble" (modest/respectful) isn't an exact synonym for polite, in the context of worker-officer relations, it is the only positive/appropriate word. "Adamant" (stubborn), "Officious" (meddlesome), and "Harsh" (cruel) are all negative.

Word: Detrimental.

Meaning: Tending to cause harm.

Synonym: "Damaging" is the closest match. "Unmindful" means careless, "Social" means gregarious, and "Cooperative" means helpful.

• Error: The correct prepositional phrase is "In accordance with."

Rule: Standard English usage requires "with" after "accordance" when meaning "in agreement with."

• Correct Spelling: Motivate.

•The word is derived from "motive."

• "Act in accordance with" means to follow or adhere to rules.

•  To "comply" is a formal verb that specifically means to act in accordance with a wish or command (usually followed by "with"). While "obey" and "observe" have similar meanings, "comply" is the most precise substitute for the phrase provided.

• Correct Spelling: Weather (referring to atmospheric conditions).

• "Whether" is a conjunction used to express a doubt or choice between alternatives (e.g., "I don't know whether it will rain").

• Error: This is an incorrect use of the Future Perfect Continuous tense.

Correction: It should be "will have been working."

Rule: The structure for Future Perfect Continuous is: Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing.

• Error: Definite Article usage.

Correction: "The Gita is considered."

Rule: We use the definite article "the" before the names of holy/religious books (e.g., The Bible, The Quran, The Gita).

• Error: Incorrect phrasal verb preposition.

Correction: "take care of."

Rule: To "take care of" means to look after something. "Take care for" is grammatically incorrect in this context.

Let's call off the picnic as there is a possibility of heavy rain.

Can you please take care for my belongings for some time?

It is wise to put up with one's quarrelsome neighbours.

While visiting the library, I came across an interesting book.

• Error: Incorrect tense after an auxiliary verb.

Rule: After the auxiliary "do/does/did," we always use the base form (V1) of the verb. "Followed" (V2/V3) is incorrect.

• Error: Tense consistency.

• The second part of the sentence says "she moved to Germany" (Past Tense). Therefore, the action that happened before it must also be in the past.

Correction: "After she got her degree..." ensures both actions are correctly placed in the past sequence.

• Identifying the Comparison: The sentence uses the word "than", which is a clear indicator that a comparative degree is required. We are comparing Mita to a group ("many other kids").

2. Grammatical Rule: For short adjectives (usually one syllable like smart), the comparative degree is formed by adding the suffix "-er".

Positive: Smart

Comparative: Smarter

Superlative: Smartest

3. Sentence Structure: The correct structure is: [Noun] + [Verb] + [Comparative Adjective] + than + [Noun/Pronoun]. Therefore, "Mita is smarter than many other kids..." is the only grammatically correct version.

• 1. Meaning of the Underlined Word: Lavish means something that is sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious. It implies that a large amount of money, effort, or resources has been spent—often to the point of being excessive.

2. Finding the Synonym: A synonym is a word with a similar meaning. Excessive is the most appropriate choice here because a "lavish" party is one that goes beyond the basic or necessary, using an abundance of food, decor, and space.

1. What is a Collocation? In English, certain words are naturally paired together by native speakers. These are called collocations. The verb "make" is the standard word used when talking about earning money, generating profit, or creating wealth.

2. Logical Fit: To "make money" means to earn it through business, investments, or work. Since the subject is a "billionaire," the sentence refers to his ability to generate vast wealth.

• 1. The Future Perfect Tense Rule: The sentence describes an action that will be completed at a specific point in the future ("By next December"). This requires the Future Perfect Tense. The formula for this tense is:

Subject + will + have + Past Participle (V3)

2. Identifying the Error: The error lies in the word "has." In the Future Perfect Tense, the auxiliary verb "have" is used for all subjects (I, you, we, they, he, she, it). You never use "has" after the modal verb "will."

Incorrect: ...we will has lived...

Correct: ...we will have lived...

• 1. Meaning of the Underlined Word: Ordinary means normal, common, or regular. It describes something that is not different or special in any way; it follows the standard or expected pattern.

2. Finding the Synonym: A synonym is a word with the same or nearly the same meaning. Usual is the most appropriate choice because it refers to something that is typically found or happens in the normal course of events. If a mother is "ordinary," she is "usual" or "typical."

• 1. Meaning of the Underlined Word: Convicted is a legal term meaning to be officially declared guilty of a crime by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law.

2. Finding the Antonym: An antonym must be the opposite in meaning. Acquitted means to be officially declared not guilty of a charge. While a conviction leads to punishment, an acquittal leads to the person being set free.

• 1. Definition of the Idiom: The idiom "hit the books" means to study very hard or with great focus. It is a common informal expression used by students.

2. Contextual Fit: The sentence mentions that "exams are approaching." When exams are near, a student needs to study intensely. Therefore, "hit the books" is the most logical and appropriate idiom to complete the sentence.

• 1. Contextual Meaning: The passage mentions that John Biggins created a new system called the 'Charge-It' programme and the first bank-issued credit card. In English, a person who creates a new process, device, or system for the first time is called an inventor.

2. Supporting Clues: Later in the same sentence, the text explicitly uses the verb "invented" (...invented the 'Charge-It' programme). Therefore, the noun form "inventor" is the most consistent and logical choice to describe John Biggins.

• 1. Contextual Logic: The passage describes how John Biggins created the 'Charge-It' programme. A credit card system acts as a bridge or a link between the person buying the goods (bank customers) and the person selling them (local merchants). Therefore, the programme was responsible for connecting these two parties.

2. Logical Fit: In the world of finance and networking, when a system brings two different groups together to facilitate a transaction, we use words like "link," "bridge," or "connect."

• 1. Contextual Logic: The sentence discusses the introduction of the Diners Club credit card. The purpose of a credit card is to provide a new capability or permission to the user. By using this card, customers were given the ability to pay for their meals without needing physical cash. In English, when a tool or system makes an action possible for someone, we use the word "allowing."

2. Grammatical Fit: The structure "allowing [someone] to [do something]" is the standard way to express enabling an action.

Example: The new law is allowing citizens to vote online.

• 1. Contextual Usage: In the financial and banking industry, when a bank or a company officially provides a card, a check, or a document to a customer for use, the standard verb used is "issue." 2. Logical Fit: The passage describes the timeline of different credit cards entering the market. Saying "American Express issued their first credit card in 1958" is the formally correct way to state that the company made the product available to the public.

• 1. Contextual Logic: The sentence states that Visa is "accepted in over 150 countries." In English, something that exists or is available everywhere, or applies to all cases/locations, is described as "universal." 2. Grammatical Fit: The blank requires an adjective to describe "credit cards."

"Universal" is an adjective.

It perfectly complements the fact that the card has global acceptance.

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">4th Asian Kho-Kho Championship 2023 - Men's Category</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li><b>Host Nation:</b> The 4th Asian Kho-Kho Championship 2023 was hosted in<span> </span><b>Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India</b>.</li>
<li><b>Organizers:</b> The event was organized by the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI).</li>
<li><b>Men's Category Winner:</b> <b>India</b> emerged as the champions in the men's category.</li>
<li><b>Runner-up (Men's):</b> <b>Bangladesh</b> secured the second position in the men's category.</li>
<li><b>Women's Category Winner:</b> India also clinched the title in the women's category, defeating Nepal in the final.</li>
<li><b>Significance:</b> This championship showcased the growing popularity and competitive spirit of Kho-Kho across Asia. India's dominance in both categories highlights its strong position in the sport.</li>
<li><b>Kho-Kho Sport:</b> Kho-Kho is a traditional tag sport originating from India. It is a game of chase and evasion, requiring agility, speed, and teamwork.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Jyotirao Phule: A Pioneer of Social Reform in Maharashtra</h3>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background and Early Life:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>Mahatma Jyotirao Phule (1827-1890) was a prominent social reformer, activist, and writer from Maharashtra.</li>
  <li>He hailed from a Marathi-speaking <i>Mali</i> (gardener) community, which was considered a lower caste.</li>
  <li>Born in Satara, he later moved to Pune, where much of his reformist activities took place.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Contributions and Movements:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li><b>Anti-Caste Agitation:</b> Phule was a fierce critic of the caste system and Brahminical supremacy. He advocated for the rights of the 'untouchables' and other lower castes.</li>
  <li><b>Education for Women and Lower Castes:</b> He, along with his wife Savitribai Phule, established one of the first schools for girls in India in 1848 in Pune. They also opened schools for children from lower castes, challenging prevailing social norms.</li>
  <li><b>Satyashodhak Samaj:</b> In 1873, he founded the <b>Satyashodhak Samaj</b> (Society of Seekers of Truth) to fight for social justice and equality for the oppressed castes. This organization aimed to provide education and upliftment to the marginalized sections of society.</li>
  <li><b>Writings:</b> Phule authored several influential books and articles. His notable works include <i>Gulamgiri</i> (Slavery), which highlighted the plight of the lower castes and critiqued the caste system, and <i>Shetkarayacha Asud</i> (The Cultivator's Whipcord), which focused on the grievances of farmers.</li>
  <li><b>Agrarian Reforms:</b> He was a strong advocate for the rights of farmers and peasants, highlighting their exploitation by moneylenders and the government.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Legacy:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>Jyotirao Phule is revered as a <b>father figure of the social revolution in Maharashtra</b>.</li>
  <li>His work laid the foundation for many subsequent social reform movements in India.</li>
  <li>The title 'Mahatma' was conferred upon him by the people of Maharashtra, reflecting his immense contribution to society.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Establishment of Sanskrit College in Banaras</h3>
<p style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">In the year <b>1791</b>, a significant Hindu college was established in <b>Banaras</b> (modern-day Varanasi). The primary objective of this institution was to impart education in <i>ancient Sanskrit texts</i> and traditional Hindu scriptures.</p>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background and Significance:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>The establishment of this college marked a crucial step in the preservation and propagation of Sanskrit learning during the British colonial period.</li>
<li>Banaras, being a prominent religious and cultural center for Hindus, was a fitting location for such an academic institution.</li>
<li>The curriculum likely focused on Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, grammar, philosophy, law, and other classical Sanskrit literature.</li>
<li>Such institutions played a role in the British administration's understanding of Indian traditions and laws, often through the translation and interpretation of these texts.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Information for Competitive Exams:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li><b>Year:</b> 1791</li>
<li><b>Location:</b> Banaras (Varanasi)</li>
<li><b>Purpose:</b> Teaching of ancient Sanskrit texts and Hindu scriptures.</li>
<li><b>Context:</b> British colonial era efforts in preserving and studying traditional Indian knowledge systems.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">National Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI): A Progress Review 2023</h3>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>The National MPI, developed by NITI Aayog, is a crucial tool for tracking poverty reduction efforts across India. It measures poverty based on multiple deprivations experienced by households.</li>
  <li>The index considers various indicators such as <b>nutrition, child mortality, schooling, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, and assets</b>.</li>
  <li>According to the <i>A Progress Review 2023</i> report, <b>Kerala</b> has consistently demonstrated the lowest levels of multi-dimensional poverty among Indian states.</li>
  <li>This achievement reflects Kerala's strong performance in social development indicators, including health, education, and living standards.</li>
  <li>States with lower poverty indices generally exhibit better access to essential services and higher human development outcomes.</li>
  <li>NITI Aayog's MPI framework provides a more comprehensive picture of poverty than traditional income-based measures.</li>
  <li>The index is vital for policymakers to identify specific areas of deprivation and design targeted interventions.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Protein Denaturation and Egg Cooking</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>The white part of an egg is primarily composed of <b>albumin</b>, a protein.</li><li>When an egg is boiled, the heat energy causes the protein molecules in the albumin to undergo a process called <b>denaturation</b>.</li><li>Denaturation involves the unfolding of the complex, coiled protein structures into simpler, extended chains.</li><li>These unfolded protein chains then interact with each other, forming a three-dimensional network.</li><li>This network traps water and creates a solid, opaque structure.</li><li>The original clear and translucent appearance of the egg white transforms into a firm, opaque white colour due to this protein aggregation.</li><li>This phenomenon is a classic example of how heat affects protein structure and is a fundamental concept in food science and chemistry.</li><li>The yolk also undergoes denaturation, but it contains different proteins and fats, resulting in a different texture and colour change.</li></ul>

The heat causes a reaction of the egg with water and makes it opaque.

The heat causes a change in the crystal structure of egg yolk.

The heat causes a change in the structure of egg protein.

The heat causes denaturation, hardening the albumin and colouring it opaque white

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Bandhavgarh National Park</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Bandhavgarh National Park is situated in the Umaria district of <b>Madhya Pradesh</b>, India.</li>
<li>It is renowned for its high density of tiger population, making it a prime location for <i>tiger spotting</i>.</li>
<li>Historically, Bandhavgarh was the hunting ground for the Maharajas of Rewa. The name 'Bandhavgarh' translates to 'Fort of the Brother' in Sanskrit, referencing the mythological battle between Rama and Ravana.</li>
<li>The park covers an area of approximately 105 square kilometers, with a larger buffer zone.</li>
<li>Key attractions within the park include the ancient Bandhavgarh Fort, numerous caves dating back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and diverse flora and fauna.</li>
<li>Besides tigers, the park is home to leopards, sambar, barking deer, nilgai, wild boar, and various bird species.</li>
<li>It was declared a national park in 1968.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Other prominent National Parks in Madhya Pradesh:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li><b>Kanha National Park</b>: Famous for its association with Rudyard Kipling's 'The Jungle Book'. It is known for its barasingha (swamp deer).</li>
<li><b>Pench National Park</b>: Also featured in 'The Jungle Book', it straddles the border of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.</li>
<li><b>Panna National Park</b>: Known for its diamond mines and for being a conservation area for tigers and gharials.</li>
<li><b>Satpura National Park</b>: A significant biodiversity hotspot, unique for its hilly terrain and rich wildlife.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Sulfuric Acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with the chemical formula <b>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></b>.</li>
<li>It is also known by the historical name <b>oil of vitriol</b>.</li>
<li><b>Industrial Significance:</b> It is one of the most important industrial chemicals produced globally. Its production volume is often used as an indicator of a country's industrial strength.</li>
<li><b>Major Uses:</b>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li><b>Fertilizer Production:</b> The largest single use of sulfuric acid is in the production of phosphate fertilizers, such as superphosphate of lime and ammonium sulfate.</li>
<li><b>Chemical Manufacturing:</b> It is used in the production of numerous other chemicals, including hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, dyes, pigments, detergents, and explosives.</li>
<li><b>Petroleum Refining:</b> Used as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum.</li>
<li><b>Metal Processing:</b> Employed in pickling (cleaning) of metals, electroplating, and metallurgy.</li>
<li><b>Battery Acid:</b> It is the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, commonly used in automobiles.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><b>Discovery and History:</b>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>The exact origin is unknown, but it was known to alchemists in the Middle Ages.</li>
<li>It was first isolated by Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) around the 8th century.</li>
<li>In the 13th century, alchemists in Europe were able to produce it by distilling green vitriol (iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><b>Properties:</b>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
<li>It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid.</li>
<li>It is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.</li>
<li>It is a strong oxidizing agent.</li>
<li>It reacts exothermically (releases heat) when diluted with water.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><b>Safety:</b> Due to its corrosive nature, sulfuric acid must be handled with extreme care, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Article 74(1) of the Indian Constitution</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>Article 74(1) of the Constitution of India states that there shall be a <b>Council of Ministers</b> with the <b>Prime Minister</b> at its head to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions.</li><li>This article establishes the role of the Prime Minister as the chief executive head of the government in India.</li><li>The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).</li><li>The President acts in accordance with the advice tendered by the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, except in cases where the President may act in his discretion (which are very limited).</li><li>The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and other ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.</li><li>The strength of the Council of Ministers is not specified in the Constitution but is determined by the Prime Minister based on political considerations and is subject to a constitutional amendment (91st Amendment Act, 2003) which limits the strength of the Council of Ministers to <b>not more than 15% of the total members of the Lok Sabha</b>.</li><li>The Prime Minister is the <b>principal channel of communication</b> between the President and the Council of Ministers.</li><li>This constitutional provision reflects the <b>parliamentary system of government</b> adopted from the British model, where the executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature.</li></ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Lata Mangeshkar Award for Music 2021</h3><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>The <b>Lata Mangeshkar Award for Music</b> is a prestigious award instituted by the <b>Madhya Pradesh government</b> to honor exceptional contributions to Indian music.</li><li>In 2021, the award in the field of music was bestowed upon the renowned playback singer <b>Kumar Sanu</b>.</li><li>Kumar Sanu, a highly acclaimed artist, has a prolific career spanning several decades, delivering numerous hit songs in Bollywood and other Indian film industries.</li><li>This award recognizes his significant and long-standing impact on the music landscape of India.</li><li>The award ceremony typically includes a cash prize, a shawl, and a citation.</li><li>Previous recipients of the Lata Mangeshkar Award have included prominent figures in the music fraternity, highlighting its importance in acknowledging musical excellence.</li></ul><h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Background on the Award</h4><ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li>The award was instituted by the Madhya Pradesh government in honor of the legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar, often referred to as the 'Nightingale of India'.</li><li>It is given annually to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to music.</li><li>The selection process involves a committee that evaluates the nominees based on their achievements and impact on the Indian music industry.</li></ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The First Post-Independence National Games: Lucknow's Hosting</h3>

<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>The first National Games held after India's independence were hosted by <b>Lucknow</b>.</li>
  <li>These games took place in the year <b>1952</b>.</li>
  <li>The National Games are a multi-sport event held in India, organized by the <b>Indian Olympic Association (IOA)</b>.</li>
  <li>The inception of the National Games dates back to 1924, initially known as the 'Indian Olympic Games'.</li>
  <li>They were held sporadically until after independence, when they were formally institutionalized as the 'National Games of India'.</li>
  <li>Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, has a rich history and cultural significance, making it a notable host for this significant sporting event.</li>
  <li>The revival and consistent organization of the National Games post-independence aimed to promote sports and identify talent across various disciplines in India.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>The concept of Fundamental Duties was inspired by the Constitution of the <b>Soviet Union</b>.</li>
  <li>These duties were not originally part of the Indian Constitution.</li>
  <li>They were incorporated into the Constitution through the <b>42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976</b>.</li>
  <li>This amendment added a new Part, <b>Part IV-A</b>, to the Constitution.</li>
  <li><b>Article 51-A</b> is the sole article under Part IV-A, which enlists the Fundamental Duties of the citizens.</li>
  <li>Initially, the 42nd Amendment introduced <b>ten</b> Fundamental Duties.</li>
  <li>Later, the <b>86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002</b> added an eleventh Fundamental Duty.</li>
  <li>These duties are essentially a codification of certain basic national ethics and ideals that every citizen is expected to uphold.</li>
  <li>They serve as a constant reminder to citizens that while enjoying their fundamental rights, they also have certain responsibilities towards the nation, society, and fellow citizens.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Points for Exams:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li><b>Amendment Act:</b> 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.</li>
  <li><b>Part Added:</b> Part IV-A.</li>
  <li><b>Article Number:</b> 51-A.</li>
  <li><b>Number of Duties (initially):</b> 10.</li>
  <li><b>Number of Duties (currently):</b> 11.</li>
  <li><b>Committee for Recommendations:</b> Swaran Singh Committee. The government accepted most of its recommendations.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Phanishwar Nath Renu: A Literary Giant</h3>
<p style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Phanishwar Nath Renu (1921-1977) was a prominent Indian writer known for his contributions to Hindi literature. He is often regarded as a pioneer of the <i>'New Story' (Nayi Kahani)</i> movement in Hindi, which emerged in the post-independence era.</p>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">'Maila Aanchal': A Landmark Novel</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li><b>'Maila Aanchal'</b> (meaning 'The **Disheveled Saree**' or 'The **Tainted Border**') is considered Renu's magnum opus and a seminal work in modern Indian literature.</li>
  <li>Published in <b>1954</b>, the novel is set in the <b>North Bihar</b> region, specifically in the fictional village of <b>Maryaganj</b>.</li>
  <li>It is renowned for its realistic portrayal of rural Indian life, capturing the socio-economic conditions, cultural nuances, and political undercurrents of the time.</li>
  <li>The novel is notable for its use of <b>regional dialects</b> and folk traditions, lending it an authentic and immersive quality.</li>
  <li>'Maila Aanchal' is often categorized as a <b>'rural novel'</b> and is celebrated for its complex characters and its exploration of themes such as poverty, casteism, superstition, and the impact of political change on ordinary lives.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Other Notable Works by Phanishwar Nath Renu:</h4>
<ol style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li><b>'Parti Parikatha'</b> (1957)</li>
  <li><b>'Juloos'</b> (1965)</li>
  <li><b>'Kitne Chaand Kitne Gange'</b> (1962)</li>
  <li><b>'Qissa Lambi Kahani Ka'</b> (1968)</li>
</ol>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Literary Significance:</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
  <li>Renu's writing style is characterized by its lyrical prose, vivid imagery, and deep empathy for the rural poor.</li>
  <li>His work often reflects the spirit of Hindi literature in the mid-20th century, moving away from idealistic portrayals to embrace a more grounded and critical perspective.</li>
</ul>

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